What are the causes of aglossia?

Aglossia, the congenital absence of the tongue, can result from genetic mutations, developmental disruptions during embryogenesis, or syndromic conditions such as Stickler syndrome or a branchial arch anomaly. Environmental factors, such as teratogenic exposures during pregnancy, may also contribute. In some cases, the exact cause remains unclear and may be idiopathic. This rare condition can impact speech, swallowing, and overall oral function.