How many valence electrons are shared gained or lost by each atom of glucose?

In glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), each carbon atom shares four valence electrons, each hydrogen atom shares one valence electron, and each oxygen atom shares two valence electrons. Specifically, carbon forms four covalent bonds with neighboring atoms, hydrogen forms one bond, and oxygen typically forms two bonds. Overall, glucose involves the sharing of a total of 24 valence electrons in its molecular structure. There are no electrons gained or lost in the process; it primarily involves sharing through covalent bonding.