What effect does modernization have on birthrate?

Modernization typically leads to a decline in birth rates due to various factors. As societies become more developed, access to education and healthcare improves, empowering individuals, particularly women, to make informed reproductive choices. Economic factors also play a role, as urbanization and higher living costs often result in couples opting for smaller families. Additionally, cultural shifts that prioritize career and personal development contribute to delayed childbearing and reduced family size.