What are the three ORM levels?

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1010174

2026-08-13 08:20

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The three ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) levels are:

  1. Level 0 (No ORM): Applications interact directly with the database using SQL queries without any abstraction.
  2. Level 1 (Partial ORM): Basic data mapping where objects are mapped to tables, but developers still write SQL for complex queries.
  3. Level 2 (Full ORM): Complete abstraction where the ORM framework handles all data interactions, allowing developers to work primarily with objects instead of SQL.

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