What was the social political and economic situation in Birmingham AL before the spring of 1963?

Before the spring of 1963, Birmingham, Alabama, was deeply segregated and characterized by systemic racism, with discriminatory laws and practices that marginalized African Americans in nearly all aspects of life. The city's economy was heavily reliant on industries like steel and textiles, yet black residents faced significant employment discrimination and lower wages. Socially, tensions were high due to the Civil Rights Movement, as activists organized protests against racial injustice, leading to violent responses from authorities. This environment set the stage for pivotal events in 1963, particularly the Birmingham Campaign, which aimed to combat segregation and promote civil rights.