1. There is about a 70% chance of survival although the surgical operation didn't usually cause death but the infection afterwards
2. The process took roughly 30-60mins to complete
3.
The tools commonly used in trepanning included a sharp knife, which is used to cut through the skin of the skull and made it possible to pull back the flaps, and a borer similar to a corkscrew. Surgeons also use brushes and files to tidy up the final area around the hole.
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