Nationalism in Arab countries spread during and after World War I primarily due to the weakening of the Ottoman Empire, which had long ruled the region. The war catalyzed a desire for self-determination among Arab populations, fueled by the promise of independence from colonial powers made by Western nations, such as the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence. Additionally, the Sykes-Picot Agreement, which divided Arab territories between Britain and France, ignited resentment and a stronger sense of Arab identity, leading to increased nationalist movements across the region.
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