During Reconstruction, many Southern states implemented a series of laws and practices known as Black Codes, aimed at limiting the civil rights and freedoms of newly emancipated African Americans. These laws restricted their mobility, employment opportunities, and access to public facilities, effectively maintaining a system of racial subordination. Additionally, the rise of groups like the Ku Klux Klan further intimidated and oppressed Black citizens, undermining their rights and the federal government's efforts to enforce civil rights.
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