Do foreigners to the US pay federal taxes?

I am a permanent resident in the US and I pay taxes just like everyone else (income, property, sales...etc) I just don't have all the rights as American Citizens do. So I am legal, just not a citizen yet. The illegals on the other hand don't pay federal taxes because they only work for cash. Anybody that works legally, even if they just have a working permit, but no residency status in the US, has to pay taxes.