What was going on from 1452-1519 in the World?

you need to specify the geographic region you are inquiring about. the most basic answer, about Europe, at least, is the Renaissance. The middle ages were coming to an end, the printing press was being invented, people we re-discovering knowledge gained by the Greeks and Romans, people were re-discovering the arts, architecture, technology, etc etc etc.

But if you look elsewhere, you will get a different history, and even the answer of the European Renaissance is too broad, as the Renaissance hit in different times in different places, and the Renaissance itself can be defined in many, many different ways.

For instance, in England around 1490-1500 Shakespeare was publishing his plays, but this form of the Renaissance had already taken place and passed in Florence, Italy, were many scholars agree the Renaissance started.