Who discovered that magnetic phenomena can be produced by electric effects?

This was Hans Christian Ørsted. April 1820 - Copenhagen.

He found that a compass needle could be deflected (it moved) if a current was switched on or off in a nearby conductor. This was the first demonstrated link between electricity and magnetism, later taken up in detail by Michael Faraday.

Oersted did not develop his experiment into an electric motor, though it is the basic idea on which all motors work - the interaction of an electric current with a magnet (usually in modern motors an electromagnet of some kind) to produce a force, and thus a movement.