How did the end of reconstruction era affect African-Americans?

The end of the Reconstruction era in 1877 marked a significant setback for African Americans, as it led to the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the dismantling of protective measures. This resulted in the rise of Jim Crow laws, which enforced racial segregation and disenfranchised Black voters through measures like literacy tests and poll taxes. Consequently, African Americans faced increased violence, discrimination, and economic hardships, undermining their civil rights and social progress achieved during Reconstruction. The legacy of this period set the stage for systemic racism that persisted well into the 20th century.