The fabrics used in the European Renaissance (around 1450-1600) greatly varied depending on the class the clothes were meant for. In the upper class, ladies wore dresses made of brocade fabric and sometimes velvet. Brocade was also used to make the upper class men's doublets, and velvet could be used for breeches. Silk was used for men's shirts, ladies' chemises, and also for silk stockings.
In the lower classes, cotton, linen, and muslin were the way to go as far as chemises, shirts, skirts, jerkins, breeches, and bodices. Leather could also be used for bodices and jerkins. Wool was generally used for cloaks.
This is just a very general outline of the most common fabrics, and depending on the exact time and specific country this could change, but for the most part these are the fabrics you would see.
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