Mikhail Gorbachev implemented significant reforms in the Soviet Union through policies like glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring), which aimed to increase transparency and economic reform. He reduced censorship, encouraged political debate, and allowed for greater freedom of expression. Gorbachev also pursued a foreign policy of diplomacy, leading to reduced tensions with the West and the eventual end of the Cold War. These changes ultimately contributed to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
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