How did the Egyptians find the direction of north?

The ancient Egyptians determined the direction of north primarily by observing the stars, particularly the North Star, which is located nearly directly above the North Pole. They also used the position of the sun, noting that it rises in the east and sets in the west, allowing them to establish cardinal directions during the day. Additionally, they might have employed simple tools like plumb bobs and shadow sticks to enhance their navigation accuracy.