What does it mean to filter sort and update records?

To filter is to apply some criteria so only some records are shown. For example, from a list of people you may apply a filter so that it lists only the males.

To sort means to list them in order, such as alphabetical order, or date order or numerical order. This is often done with records to make it easier to find things. Phone books are in sorted by name to make it easier to find the number you want.

To update means to change records by adjusting the data in some way. You might be entering the results of exams that students have taken, or giving everyone an increase in their wages for example. These are all updates.