During the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, light energy is captured by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. Water molecules are split (photolysis), releasing oxygen as a byproduct. The absorbed light energy drives the electron transport chain, generating a proton gradient that aids in ATP synthesis via ATP synthase. These reactions are essential for powering the subsequent light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) that produce glucose.