How are the ratio or standard cost methods of estimating classified?

The ratio or standard cost methods of estimating are classified based on their approach to cost estimation. The ratio method involves using historical data to establish a proportional relationship between costs and a specific activity or output level, often expressed as a percentage. In contrast, the standard cost method involves calculating predetermined costs for materials, labor, and overhead based on expected performance, allowing for variance analysis against actual costs. Both methods aim to provide insights into budgeting and financial planning.