What were the long-term effects of the Phineas Gage injury on his personality and behavior?

The long-term effects of Phineas Gage's injury on his personality and behavior included changes in his emotional regulation, decision-making abilities, and social interactions. Gage became more impulsive, irritable, and socially inappropriate, which impacted his relationships and ability to hold a job. These changes highlighted the role of the frontal lobe in regulating behavior and personality.