What are 4 different network topologies?

The four different network topologies are:

1. Star Topology: In this configuration, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch, allowing easy management and isolation of devices but creating a single point of failure.
2. Bus Topology: All devices are connected to a single communication line or cable, which can be cost-effective but may lead to performance issues as more devices are added.
3. Ring Topology: Each device is connected in a circular fashion, where data travels in one direction, providing consistent performance but making it vulnerable to failure if one device goes down.
4. Mesh Topology: Devices are interconnected, allowing for multiple pathways for data to travel, enhancing reliability and redundancy but requiring more cabling and complexity in setup.