In the 1500s Martin Luther and Ninety-five Theses Henry VIII and and ldquoAct of Supremacy and and John Calvin and Institutes of the Christian Religion contributed to?

In the 1500s, Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses sparked the Protestant Reformation by challenging the Catholic Church's practices, particularly the sale of indulgences. Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy established the Church of England, asserting the monarch's authority over religious matters and breaking away from papal authority. John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion further shaped Protestant theology, emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God, thus influencing Reformed traditions. Together, these movements significantly altered the religious landscape of Europe, leading to the rise of Protestantism and the decline of Catholic dominance.