Who owns the land underground?

Ownership of underground land typically follows the principle of "subsurface rights," meaning that landowners generally own the resources beneath their property, including minerals, water, and other materials. However, these rights can vary significantly based on local laws and regulations. In some cases, subsurface rights may be sold or leased separately from surface rights, leading to complex ownership scenariOS. Additionally, government regulations may impose restrictions on how underground resources can be extracted or used.