The South's economy was primarily agrarian, heavily reliant on agriculture, especially cotton, and the use of enslaved labor, which created a plantation-based system. In contrast, the North's economy was more industrialized and diversified, with a focus on manufacturing, trade, and a growing labor force. This economic disparity contributed to differing social structures and political ideologies, ultimately leading to tensions that fueled the Civil War. The North's infrastructure also supported transportation and commerce more effectively than the South's, reinforcing these economic differences.
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