What are the positive and negative externalities associated with the production of electric vehicles?

Positive externalities of electric vehicles include reduced air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, leading to improved public health and environmental quality. They also contribute to energy security and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

Negative externalities may include the environmental impact of battery production and disposal, as well as the potential strain on electricity grids if widespread adoption of electric vehicles occurs without proper infrastructure upgrades. Additionally, the extraction of materials for electric vehicle batteries can have negative social and environmental consequences.