Who granted the British government to allow several people to create organizations by pooling financial resources which enabled riskier business projects to be undertaken?

The British government granted charters to joint-stock companies, which allowed individuals to pool their financial resources and share risks associated with business ventures. This system, established in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, enabled the funding of riskier projects, such as overseas trade and colonization. Notable examples include the East India Company and the Virginia Company, which played significant roles in expanding British trade and influence.