During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, the social stratification was heavily influenced by the Spanish Caste System. The new social hierarchy consisted of the peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain), criollos (Spaniards born in the Philippines), mestizos (mixed-race individuals), and indiOS (native Filipinos). This system favored the peninsulares and criollos, leading to limited opportunities for the mestizos and indiOS to advance socially and economically.
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