What is zero party system?

A zero party system refers to a political environment where there are no organized political parties or where political parties are effectively non-existent, leading to a lack of formalized political competition. In such systems, political decisions may be made by individuals or small groups without the influence of party ideologies or platforms. This can result in a more direct form of governance, but it often lacks the accountability and representation typically provided by political parties. Examples might include certain authoritarian regimes or transitional governments.