Violence erupted in Kansas during the mid-1850s as pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions clashed in a struggle known as "Bleeding Kansas," reflecting the intense national conflict over slavery. This turmoil was mirrored in Congress when Senator Charles Sumner delivered a fiery speech condemning pro-slavery forces, which prompted Representative Preston Brooks to attack him on the Senate floor in 1856, severely beating him with a cane. These events underscored the deepening divisions in the United States and foreshadowed the impending Civil War.
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