What groups did the use of poll taxes affect?

Poll taxes primarily affected low-income individuals and marginalized groups, particularly African Americans and poor white voters in the Southern United States. By imposing a financial barrier to voting, these taxes disenfranchised many who could not afford to pay, further entrenching racial and economic inequalities. Additionally, poll taxes often disproportionately impacted women and young voters, who might have had limited financial resources. Ultimately, poll taxes were a tool of voter suppression aimed at maintaining the political power of certain groups.