Why does Grumman argues against the use of lineups primarily by using logos?

Grumman argues against the use of lineups primarily by employing logos to highlight the logical inconsistencies and potential biases inherent in the lineup process. They emphasize how eyewitness memory can be unreliable and how lineups may lead to misidentification due to suggestive cues or the pressure of social dynamics. By presenting statistical data and research findings, Grumman illustrates that the likelihood of wrongful convictions increases when lineups are used, making a rational case for alternative identification methods. This reliance on logical reasoning strengthens their argument against traditional lineup practices.