Meselson and Stahl grew E. coli in nitrogen-15 (N-15) to label the DNA with heavy nitrogen, allowing them to track the incorporation of nitrogen isotopes during replication. By then transferring the bacteria to a medium containing nitrogen-14 (N-14), they could observe how the newly synthesized DNA incorporated the lighter isotope. This experimental setup provided crucial evidence for the semi-conservative model of DNA replication, as it allowed them to distinguish between original and newly synthesized DNA strands based on their density.
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