What are some common goals of capitalism?

The goal of capitalism is to add value to commodities such that products can be purchased by an entity, transformed into more valueable products, and resold at higher prices thus paying for all steps along the way and adding profit.

An example would be an entity (in this case an oil company) buying oil at a set price, refining the oil into one or more products with value added (gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil, lubrication products) and reselling the products at a price to pay back the cost of refining the oil, transporting the products, and adding profits.

This example is just a single piece of the puzzle. In turn, a trucking company would buy the diesel fuel and transport products for retail companies, the retail companies pay the trucking company because the value added is the retail product distributed around the region, be it city, state, country, world.

This value adding would continue indefinitely, and in a sustainable manner such that all trading entities would ensure safety (environmental - to be able to continue harvesting resources, consumer - to retain a customer base), security (military - to ensure access to resources and maintain trade routes), and a sustainable growth rate (in order to add jobs for expanding populations).