Which African-American leader believed African-Americans should have vocational training before they are able to achieve equal rights?

Booker T. Washington was the African-American leader who advocated for vocational training as a means for African-Americans to achieve economic self-sufficiency and, ultimately, equal rights. He believed that by acquiring practical skills and education, African-Americans could improve their social standing and gain respect from the broader society. Washington's philosophy emphasized gradual progress through education and hard work rather than immediate demands for civil rights.