What was true of many Chinese sold by their government?

Many Chinese individuals were sold by their government as laborers, particularly during the 19th and early 20th centuries. This often occurred under harsh conditions, with individuals being transported to work in various industries, including mining and railroad construction, in places like the Americas and Southeast Asia. These laborers faced exploitation, discrimination, and severe hardships, reflecting the broader socio-economic challenges of the time. Such practices highlight the struggles within China and the desperate measures taken by individuals and families seeking opportunities abroad.