What are the major components of congestive heart failure?

Congestive heart failure (CHF) primarily involves the heart's inability to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs and other tissues. Major components include left-sided heart failure, which results in pulmonary congestion and symptoms like shortness of breath; right-sided heart failure, leading to systemic fluid retention and swelling in the legs and abdomen; and the activation of neurohormonal systems (like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) that exacerbate fluid retention and increase blood pressure. Ultimately, these components contribute to a cycle of worsening heart function and symptoms.