Why is the hold of nucleus over outermost electrons in metal weak?

The hold of the nucleus over the outermost electrons in metals is weak due to the presence of multiple inner electron shells, which shield the outer electrons from the full charge of the nucleus. This shielding effect reduces the effective nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons, allowing them to be more loosely held. Additionally, the metallic bonding nature in metals involves a "sea of electrons," where valence electrons are delocalized, further contributing to their weak attraction to the nucleus. As a result, these outer electrons can move freely, leading to the characteristic properties of metals, such as conductivity and malleability.