Almost none. There are some surgical procedures a patient may have had done, prior to having an MRI ordered, that will not allow them to have an MRI study. A pace maker would be a good example. The magnetic field can erase or reprogram the pacemaker, and depending on the material used move the pace maker or the wires in the heart.
Most modern surgical implants are safe in MRI machines, but it is safest if you make sure to let the technologist know you have had surgery in the past.
I have read some studies (forgive me I don't remember references) when I was doing MRI that stated that some people could have arm numbness when left inside a strong MRI machine for extended periods of time. This seems to effect men more so than women.
I never experienced this nor met a patient who has. The magnets are large and the biggest problem I have seen with the use of them is patients becoming claustrophobic.
The strength of the magnet is measured in teslas from 1 tesla to 3 tesla. Usually over 3 is not considered safe for humans and is only used in research.
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