What did the Europeans control?

During the Age of Exploration and subsequent colonial period, Europeans controlled vast territories across Africa, Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific. They established colonies, trade routes, and empires, exploiting resources and local populations for economic gain. European powers such as Spain, Britain, France, and Portugal dominated global trade networks and often imposed their cultures and political systems on indigenous peoples. This control significantly impacted global Demographics, economies, and geopolitical dynamics.