In 1914, many Bosnians had mixed feelings about the Austro-Hungarian Empire. While some appreciated the modernization efforts and infrastructure improvements brought by the empire, others resented foreign rule and longed for national independence. The annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary in 1908 had intensified nationalist sentiments, leading to a rise in anti-Austrian feelings among various ethnic groups. This discontent was a contributing factor to the tensions that ultimately led to World War I.
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