Can cabinet ministers vote for bills in Canada?

Yes and no. Being a Cabinet minister doesn't in itself entitle someone to vote on legislation. However, the membership of the Cabinet is, by convention, drawn from among sitting legislators (predominately Members of Parliament, but also some Senators), and thus, they can vote on legislation in this capacity. If there were a Cabinet minister who wasn't a sitting legislator, they would not be able to do so. An example of this is when Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King lost his seat in an election and had to lead from the hall until he got another seat in a by-election.