How do you elute proteins from a SDS-PAGE gel?

To elute proteins from an SDS-PAGE gel, the gel piece containing the desired protein is excised and placed in a suitable elution buffer, typically containing a low concentration of SDS or a buffer that maintains the protein's solubility and stability. The gel slice is then incubated with gentle shaking or agitation at room temperature or at 4°C for a few hours to overnight, allowing the protein to diffuse out of the gel. After incubation, the supernatant is collected, and the eluted proteins can be concentrated or further purified as needed.