What circumstances during the early days of industrialization led to a need for reform?

During the early days of industrialization, rapid urbanization and the rise of factories created harsh working conditions, including long hours, low wages, and unsafe environments. The influx of workers into cities led to overcrowding and inadequate housing, exacerbating public health issues. Child labor became prevalent, as families relied on the income of all members to survive. These dire circumstances prompted calls for reform to improve labor rights, living conditions, and public health standards.