What following viruses modifies and alters other programs and databases?

Viruses that modify and alter other programs and databases are typically classified as file infectors and macro viruses. File infectors attach themselves to executable files, altering them to spread further, while macro viruses target applications like Microsoft Word or Excel, manipulating documents and databases through embedded code. Additionally, ransomware can also modify databases by encrypting data, making it inaccessible until a ransom is paid.