What hard ships did the europeans faced?

Europeans faced numerous hardships, including harsh weather conditions, famine, and disease, particularly during the Middle Ages and the Age of Exploration. The Black Death in the 14th century devastated populations, leading to labor shortages and economic turmoil. Additionally, explorers encountered hostile indigenous populations, treacherous terrains, and limited supplies during their expeditions, which compounded their struggles. These challenges shaped European societies and their expansion efforts significantly.