How are gradualism and catatropism different?

Gradualism and catastrophism are two contrasting theories in geology and evolutionary Biology. Gradualism posits that changes in the Earth's geology and species occur slowly and steadily over long periods, emphasizing the role of incremental processes. In contrast, catastrophism argues that significant changes result from sudden, short-lived, and often violent events, such as natural disasters. While gradualism focuses on continuous evolution and change, catastrophism highlights the impact of rare, dramatic events on the Earth's history and life forms.