Why was TQM seen as a major advancement both conceptually and practically over earlier quality systems?

Total Quality Management (TQM) was seen as a significant advancement over earlier quality systems because it emphasized a holistic approach to quality that involved all employees and processes within an organization, rather than just focusing on inspection and defect correction. Conceptually, TQM introduced the idea that quality is a continuous, organization-wide commitment, integrating customer satisfaction and continuous improvement into the core business strategy. Practically, TQM implemented systematic methodologies like Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) and utilized tools such as quality circles and process mapping, fostering a culture of collaboration and proactive problem-solving. This comprehensive focus on quality not only improved products and services but also enhanced organizational efficiency and employee engagement.