Who did the work on the early plantation in Virginia?

The early plantation work in Virginia was primarily carried out by indentured servants and enslaved Africans. Indentured servants, often from England, worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America and eventual freedom. By the late 17th century, the reliance on enslaved labor increased significantly, as African slaves became the dominant workforce on plantations, cultivating tobacco and other cash crops. This transition marked a significant shift in the labor system in Virginia and the broader American South.