How did africans respond to formal western education before 1920?

Before 1920, Africans had varied responses to formal Western education, influenced by factors such as colonialism and cultural context. Some embraced it as a means to gain social mobility, economic opportunities, and political power, establishing schools and institutions to promote education within their communities. Others viewed it with skepticism or resistance, perceiving it as a tool of colonial oppression that undermined indigenous cultures and values. Overall, the response was complex, reflecting a mix of adaptation, resistance, and negotiation with colonial powers.