What are the punishments for racism?

To the best of my knowledge, there is no punishment for racism per se.

That said, in the United States there are criminal punishments for violating another person's civil rights, and there are enhancements for what are called "hate crimes," which are sometimes hard to define. I think for most people, though, a hate crime is a lot like pornography: I can't define it but I know it when I see it.