Presenting the subject of a fugue from right to left or beginning with the last note and proceeding backward to the first note is called?

Presenting the subject of a fugue from right to left or starting with the last note and moving backward to the first note is called "retrograde." This technique is often used in counterpoint to create variation and complexity within the musical texture, allowing composers to explore different dimensions of the original theme. Retrograde can add depth and intrigue to a fugue, enhancing the listener's experience.